CNC Lathe Machining: Types & Applications for Precision Manufacturing

Many sophisticated workpieces require the use of precision machining after the casting process to achieve the final, desired qualities. Advanced, computerized machine tools are used in precision machining to satisfy the demanding tolerances, and create the most complex shapes required for so many of today’s high-tech components. Manufacturers use computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools to meet the demanding requirements for accuracy and high-volume production. In this way, a user’s unique designs can be converted into exact shapes through multiple dimensions.

A wide variety of CNC machining tools is used to remove unneeded material in a precise manner, while meeting even the most complex design criteria of a piece. These machining tools include CNC lathes and turning machines, CNC milling machines, CNC laser machines, and CNC electric discharge machines. This article looks at the types of CNC lathe machining processes.

What is CNC Lathe Machining?

With a CNC lathe machine, the material or workpiece is held in place on the machine. It is mounted on a main spindle and rotated on various axes. CNC lathes are available with a number of axes, from two to six or more, which allow for the more complex components to be produced. The higher the number of axes, the more complex the machining capabilities will be. Changing the position of the axes affects the way the machined part is positioned, approached, and rotated. Cutting tools work on the material as it rotates to achieve the desired results. tools.

What are the Types of CNC Lathe Machining Processes?

With their high degree of flexibility and programmability, CNC lathe machines are capable of completing many complex processes, including:

• Turning: A cutting tool is mounted on a moving slide. As the workpiece spins, the cutting tool is pressed against it. The slide moves up and down along the workpiece, as well as away from or closer to the center line. Turning processes are usually accessed when large amounts of material need to be quickly removed from the workpiece.
• Facing: In facing, a single-point tool moves along the workpiece, removing a thinner layer of material. This process produces flat, smooth surfaces at the ends of the workpiece.
• Thread Cutting: Here, the tool moves along the outside of a workpiece to create threads in the outer surface. These threads may be cut to any length or pitch.
• Grooving: The tool moves along the workpiece, gradually cutting a groove into it which matches the tool’s width. Multiple passes may be required to achieve a wider groove or add various geometries.
• Drilling: This process uses a drill to make holes in the workpiece
• Boring: Boring is often used after drilling to either make the hole larger, or to achieve more precise dimensions. It can also be used to achieve features such as tapers, steps, and contours.
• Reaming: Also employed after drilling, reaming removes a precise amount of material in order to achieve a more accurate diameter and a smooth internal finish.
• Tapping: This cuts a thread inside the hole, so a screw can be threaded into it.
• Tapering: A conical shape is produced on the workpiece.
• Parting: This process separates the workpiece after machining.
• Knurling: Here, an indentation is made on the edge of the workpiece.
• Chamfering: This removes burrs and produces bevels at the ends of the workpiece, to achieve a better look.

What are the Applications for CNC Lathe Machining Processes?

With their precise machining and increased speed capabilities, CNC lathe machining processes are used to provide precision machined components to OEM customers and system integrators for a diverse array of end-market applications such as healthcare, automotive, aerospace and electronics. CNC lathe machining processes can produce precision components ranging in size from surgical instruments and gears to airplane engine components and automobile frames.

Learn More About the Types of CNC Lathe Machining Processes

Leveraging advanced equipment, techniques, and an ability to offer one-stop solutions, Roland Berger’s 2019 Report ranked Impro as the 4th largest precision machining company globally. Catering to sectors including the automotive, hydraulics, aerospace, medical, and oil & gas industries, Impro provides a wide array of precision CNC machining solutions to our customers. If you are interested in finding more information about CNC lathe machining processes, please contact our team of experts today.