Platinum (Pt) – Properties, Applications, and Industrial Significance
The group of platinum metals includes the elements ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd) (light platinum metals with densities around 12 g/cm³) as well as osmium (Os), iridium (Ir) and platinum (Pt) ( heavy platinum metals with densities up to 22 g/cm³). Platinum is a gray-white malleable metal that melts at 1772°C and has a boiling point of 3827°C. Platinum is machinable, roll-plating galvanic and can be separated from the gas phase. Application: Jewelery, in the automotive, chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Other important fields of application are the glass industry (melting furnaces, spinnerets, electrodes, crucibles for melt digestion of minerals and ferroalloys (also in fine grain stabilized form), crucibles and trays for the ashing and coking of organic matter (also in fine grain stabilized form), for peeling and evaporation of liquids, for electrodes in electroanalysis and potential measurement as well as for porous discs in filtration. Pt is also used as contact material. Pt has almost exactly the same coefficient of expansion as glass, so that it can melt completely tightly into glass and the electrical measuring technique (Pt and Pt / Rh thermocouples). Laboratory equipment such as pots and bowls are hardly made of pure platinum anymore.
Properties
General
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Density | 20.0 °C | 21.5 g/cm³ |
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | -195.0 °C | 178 GPa |
20.0 °C | 170 - 173 GPa | |
250.0 °C | 169 GPa | |
400.0 °C | 163 GPa | |
500.0 °C | 159 GPa | |
600.0 °C | 153 GPa | |
750.0 °C | 140 GPa | |
800.0 °C | 136 GPa | |
900.0 °C | 126 GPa | |
1000.0 °C | 115 GPa | |
Hardness, Vickers | 20.0 °C | 100 [-] |
Poisson's ratio | 20.0 °C | 0.39 [-] |
Shear modulus | 20.0 °C | 67 GPa |
Tensile strength | 20.0 °C | 200 - 300 MPa |
Yield strength | 20.0 °C | 185 MPa |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | 100.0 °C | 9.1E-6 1/K | |
200.0 °C | 9.2E-6 1/K | ||
300.0 °C | 9.3E-6 1/K | ||
400.0 °C | 9.5E-6 1/K | ||
500.0 °C | 9.6E-6 1/K | ||
600.0 °C | 9.7E-6 1/K | ||
700.0 °C | 9.9E-6 1/K | ||
800.0 °C | 1E-5 1/K | ||
900.0 °C | 1.01E-5 1/K | ||
1000.0 °C | 1.03E-5 1/K | ||
1100.0 °C | 1.05E-5 1/K | ||
1200.0 °C | 1.06E-5 1/K | ||
1300.0 °C | 1.08E-5 1/K | ||
1400.0 °C | 1.1E-5 1/K | ||
1500.0 °C | 1.12E-5 1/K | ||
1600.0 °C | 1.14E-5 1/K | ||
Melting point | 1769 °C | Typical for Platinum | |
Specific heat capacity | 23.0 °C | 136 J/(kg·K) | Typical for Platinum |
Thermal conductivity | -173.0 °C | 85.6 W/(m·K) | |
-73.0 °C | 79 W/(m·K) | ||
20.0 °C | 74 W/(m·K) | ||
127.0 °C | 73.2 W/(m·K) | ||
327.0 °C | 73 W/(m·K) | ||
527.0 °C | 74.8 W/(m·K) | ||
727.0 °C | 76.9 W/(m·K) | ||
927.0 °C | 83.2 W/(m·K) | ||
1127.0 °C | 88.3 W/(m·K) | ||
1327.0 °C | 89.5 W/(m·K) | ||
1527.0 °C | 89 W/(m·K) | ||
1727.0 °C | 86 W/(m·K) | ||
Electrical
| Property | Temperature | Value |
|---|---|---|
Electrical conductivity | 20.0 °C | 9.40E+6 S/m |
Electrical resistivity | 20.0 °C | 1.16E-7 Ω·m |
Chemical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
Platinum | 99.5 - 99.99 % |
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