Voltage Division “VDR” for for Resistive, Inductive and Capacitive Circuits What is Voltage Divider Rule? In a circuit, when a number of elements are connected in series, input voltage divides across the elements. And in a circuit, when a number of elements are connected in par

What is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MMPT) Solar Charge Controller? What is Maximum Power Point Tracking Or An MPPT Charger? The MPPT or ‘Maximum Power Point Tracking‘ controls are much more sophisticated than the PWM controllers and allow the solar panel to run at its maximum

What is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Solar Charge Controller? What is Pulse Width Modulation Or A PWM Charge Controller? A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controller is an (electronic) transition between the solar panels and the batteries: The solar charge controller (frequently referred to a

Wiring a 230V/400V, 1-Φ & 3-Φ Split Load Distribution Board: UK & EU – IEC Split Load & Dual Split Load Distribution Boards The dual split load three phase distribution board is used to supply the electric power supply via main switch and separate RCD/RCCB for each sectio

Wiring a Garage Consumer Unit with RCD & Connecting 1-Φ, 230V Load Points in it. What is a Garage Consumer Unit? A Garage Consumer is a type of consumer unit and distribution board (aka mini consumer unit) used to extend and provide electric supply to the exterior buildings such as she

Wiring a BS1363, 3-Pin Plug Safely and Correctly What is a UK 3-Pin Plug? A UK plug is also known as British Plug, Type G Plug or BS1363 Standard Plug by IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission) is a three pin plug used to power up electrical appliances and devices. There are mult

How to Connect a 2-Gang, 3-Pin BS1363 Socket Outlet? Wiring Switched Double Plug Socket 3-Pin Dual Socket Outlet A BS1363 socket outlet (by IEC) is also known as a UK socket outlet or Type G socket. It has multiple types i.e. 1 Gang, 2, Gang and so having three pins with or without switche

Wiring a 1-Gang, BS1363, 3-Pin Switched Socket Outlet Safely and Correctly 3-Pin Socket Outlet A 3-Pin socket outlet is also known as a UK socket outlet, Type G outlet or BS1363 socket outlet by IEC standards. The basic 1 Gang three pin outlet has three pins namely Live “L”, Ne

Wiring a Subpanel for 120V & 240V with GFCI – NEC – US What is a Main Panel? According to NEC (National Electric Code: Article 1 00-Definitions), a Main Panel (also known as Panelboard, load center, breaker box and distribution board etc.) is a cabinet or cutout box which c

3-Phase Motor Connection Star/Delta (Y-Δ) Reverse-Forward & Up-down without Timer Power, Control & Wiring Diagrams In this motor starter, there are four Contactors and switches (Two ON-Push and OFF-Push) are used to change the rotating direction of a three phase motor such as Revers

Tellegen’s Theorem – Step by Step Guide with Solved Examples What is Tellegen’s Theorem? Tellegen’s theorem was published by a Dutch electrical engineer and inventor Bernard D.H. Tellegen in 1952. This theorem is the most important and fundamental theorem among other theorems in netw

Superposition Theorem – Step by Step Guide with Solved Example What is Superposition Theorem? The Superposition Theorem is used to solve complex networks with a number of energy sources. It is an important concept to determine voltage and current across the elements by calculating the effe

Millman’s Theorem for AC & DC Circuits – Step by Step Solved Examples Millman’s Theorem The Millman’s theorem is used in the circuit analysis when it has only branches in parallel. Therefore, this theorem is useful to calculate the voltage at the end of a circu

How to Make a Simple Cell Phone Charger – Circuit Diagram of 5V DC from 230V AC Have you ever thought about how a cell phone charger works or how a small device can convert 220 – 230 volts of AC supply into 5 volts or desired voltages? In this project, we will explain about the

Wiring a 480V & 277V, Single & Three Phase Main Breaker Box for Commercial Applications What is 277 & 480V Commercial Supply? 277V is a standard single phase voltage derived from 480V three phase voltage system available in commercial applications. It can be achieved by three t

230 VAC to ±12 VDC Dual Power Supply Circuit As the name suggests, this circuit is designed to convert the mains supply voltage of around 220V AC into two voltages of +12V and -12V DC values. The specialty of this circuit is, we will get both the voltages at the same time. There are some pa

How to Make a Basic Voltage Doubler Circuit? As the name of the article suggests, today this article is to help design a circuit which at its output gives a voltage that is double of that which is applied at its input. For example, supplying a 10V input to the voltage doubler circuit will g

Early Flood Monitoring System – Circuit & Project Source Code In both developing and non developing countries, flooding is the massive natural disaster that causes loss of human and animal life and property. Flood due to earthquakes in oceans, hurricanes, rainfall and other natura

Wiring a 1-Φ, 230V Consumer Unit & Distribution Board with & without RCD: IEC, EU & UK What is a Consumer Unit? A consumer unit (CU) also known as panel box, breaker box or fuse box is a type of a distribution board (aka electric panel, breaker panel, panelboard or main breaker

Wiring a 1-Φ, 230V Dual Split Load Consumer Unit & Distribution Board : IEC, EU & UK What is a Dual Split Load Consumer Unit? Dual split load consumer unit contains a main switch breaker and two RCD’s to control two separate load points. These RCD’s will control and pro