EN 10083-1 C45E Soft-Annealed Steel – High-Performance Grade for Heavy-Duty Applications
Steel C45E is applicable for medium loaded parts of higher dimensions (large forged parts) and more complex form in vehicle manufacturing and machine engineering (e.g. shipshafts, transmission parts, wheel hubs).
Properties
General
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | 20 °C | 7.8 g/cm³ | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
20 °C | 7.8 - 7.85 g/cm³ | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 7.85 g/cm³ | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | -100 °C | 217 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 210 - 212 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 210 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 212 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 205 - 207 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 205 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 207 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 195 - 199 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 195 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 199 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 185 - 192 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 185 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 192 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 175 - 184 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 175 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 184 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 175 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 164 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Hardness, Brinell | 251 [-] | Predicted Value, Transverse | ||||
20 °C | 207 [-] | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Strip, Sheet, Flat, Bar, Wire, Forging | ||
Poisson's ratio | 0.29 [-] | Typical for Medium Carbon Steel | ||||
Shear modulus | 20 °C | 81 GPa | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | -100 °C | 1.08e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 1.19e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 1.11e-05 - 1.25e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 1.11e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 1.25e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 1.21e-05 - 1.3e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 1.21e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 1.3e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 1.29e-05 - 1.36e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 1.29e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 1.36e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 1.35e-05 - 1.41e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 1.35e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 1.41e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 1.45e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 1.49e-05 1/K | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Max service temperature | -25 - 480 °C | soft annealed (+A) | EN 10083-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-3 | Strip, Sheet, Flat, Bar, Wire, Forging | Long | |
500 °C | Typical for Carbon Steel | |||||
Melting point | 1380 - 1514 °C | Typical for Medium Carbon Steel | ||||
Specific heat capacity | -100 °C | 423 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 461 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 461 - 480 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 480 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 479 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 479 - 500 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 500 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 499 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 499 - 550 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 550 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 517 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 517 - 590 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 590 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 536 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 558 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 587 J/(kg·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Thermal conductivity | 20 °C | 41.7 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 41.7 - 52 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 52 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 43.4 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 43.4 - 50.6 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 50.6 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 43.2 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 43.2 - 48.1 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 48.1 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 41.4 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 41.4 - 45.7 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 45.7 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 39.1 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 36.7 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 34.1 W/(m·K) | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Thermal diffusivity | 20 °C | 11.6 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
100 °C | 11.3 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 10.5 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 9.5 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 8.3 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 7.1 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 5.8 mm²/s | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Electrical
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20 °C | 1.2e-07 - 2.5e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
20 °C | 1.2e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 2.5e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
100 °C | 2.95e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
200 °C | 3.65e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
300 °C | 4.53e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
400 °C | 5.56e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
500 °C | 6.74e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
600 °C | 8.13e-07 Ω·m | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Chemical properties
| Property | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon | 0.42 - 0.5 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging, Wire |
Chromium | 0.4 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Copper | 0.3 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Manganese | 0.5 - 0.8 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging, Wire |
Molybdenum | 0.1 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Nickel | 0.4 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Phosphorus | 0.025 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
0.03 % | soft annealed (+A) | EN 10083-1, EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
0.035 % | soft annealed (+A) | EN 10083-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-3, ISO 683-1 | Strip, Sheet, Flat, Bar, Wire, Forging | |
Silicon | 0.1 - 0.4 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
0.4 % | soft annealed (+A) | EN 10083-1, EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging, Wire | |
Sulfur | 0.035 % | soft annealed (+A) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging, Wire |
Technological properties
| Property | ||
|---|---|---|
| Supplier Disclaimer | The given information is a rough description and some properties can depend on various factors such as product thickness. Please contact the supplier or refer to the related norm or standard for further information. | |
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