Arduino Mega: Capture Photos and Auto‑Upload to Google Drive

About this project

If you are a beginner, you can learn about Arduino here.

Demonstration

How It Works

1. Log in to Google Account via OAuth 2.0 for IoT devices to obtain access_token.

Login process is described in this project on Hackster.

2. When the button is pressed, Arduino gets picture from camera, and then upload to Google Drive using access_token via Google Drive API.

Google Drive API for uploading file is described in Google document.

How To

• Create Google Project from Google Developer Portal and obtain GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID and GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
• Replace GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID and GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET in Arduino code
• Upload login.php file to PHPoC Shield. See instruction
• Compile and Upload Arduino code via Arduino IDE
• See ip_address of PHPoC shield on Serial Monitor
• Access Login Page on PHPoC Shield: http://ip_address/login.php and Login to Your Google Account
• Press Button to take Picture
• Check your Google Drive after two second, you will see the taken picture in your Drive.

Other Hardware Platform

I made the same project for another hardware platform here.

The Best Arduino Starter Kit for Beginner

If you are looking for an Arduino kit, see The Best Arduino Kit for Beginners

Function References

• Serial.begin()
• Serial.println()
• delay()
• millis() ​​​​​​​
• for loop
• while loop
• if else
• loop()
• setup()
• String.toInt()
• String.substring()
• String.indexOf()
• String.remove()
• String.equals()

Code

• ArduinoGoogleDrive
• login.php
• grove_camera.h

ArduinoGoogleDriveArduino

#include <Phpoc.h>
#include <Arduino_JSON.h>
#include "grove_camera.h"

// Replace your GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID and GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET here
String GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID      = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com";
String GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET  = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
PhpocServer websocket_server(80);

String http_resp_hearder(PhpocClient &client){
	String hearder = "";
	while(1){
		if(client.available()){
			String line = client.readLine();

			if(line == "\r\n")
				break;
			else
				hearder += line;
		}

		if(!client.connected()){
			client.stop();
			break;
		}
	}

	return hearder;
}

String http_resp_body(PhpocClient &client){
	String body = "";
	while(1){
		if(client.available()){
			 char c = client.read();
			 body += c;
		}

		if(!client.connected()){
			client.stop();
			break;
		}
	}

	return body;
}

String access_token                  = "";
String refresh_token                 = "";
unsigned long access_token_expire_at = 0;

void websocket_send(String msg)
{
	char wbuf[256];
	msg.toCharArray(wbuf, msg.length() + 1);
	websocket_server.write(wbuf, msg.length());
}

void googleDeviceOAuthLogin(){
	PhpocClient client;

	// Step 1: Request device and user codes
	if(client.connectSSL("accounts.google.com", 443)){
		Serial.println(F("Connected to server"));

		String body = F("client_id=");
		body += GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID;
		body += F("&scope=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file");

		client.println(F("POST /o/oauth2/device/code HTTP/1.1"));
		client.println(F("Host: accounts.google.com"));
		client.println(F("Connection: close"));
		client.println(F("Accept: */*"));
		client.println(F("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"));
		client.print(F("Content-Length: ")); client.println(body.length());
		client.println();

		client.print(body);

		String response_hearder = http_resp_hearder(client);
		String response_body = http_resp_body(client);
		//Serial.println(response_hearder);
		//Serial.println(response_body);

		JSONVar body_json = JSON.parse(response_body);
		if(JSON.typeof(body_json) == "undefined"){
			Serial.println("Parsing input failed!");
			return;
		}

		// Step 2: Handle the authorization server response
		String device_code      = "";
		String user_code        = "";
		long expires_in          = 0;
		int interval            = 0;
		String verification_url = "";
		bool is_valid = true;

		if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("device_code"))
			device_code = body_json["device_code"];
		else
			is_valid = false;

		if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("user_code"))
			user_code = body_json["user_code"];
		else
			is_valid = false;

		if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("expires_in"))
			expires_in = (long) body_json["expires_in"];
		else
			is_valid = false;

		if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("interval"))
			interval = (int) body_json["interval"];
		else
			is_valid = false;

		if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("verification_url"))
			verification_url = body_json["verification_url"];
		else
			is_valid = false;

		if(is_valid){
			// Step 3: Display the user code
			Serial.print(F("Next, visit "));
			Serial.print(verification_url);
			Serial.print(F(" on your desktop or smartphone and enter this code: "));
			Serial.println(user_code);
			String msg;
			
			msg  = "{\"provider\": \"google\",";
			msg += "\"action\": \"LOGIN\",";
			msg += "\"verification_url\": \"" + verification_url + "\",";
			msg += "\"user_code\": \"" + user_code + "\"}";
			websocket_send(msg);

			// Step 5: Poll authorization server
			int poll_max = expires_in / interval;

			body = F("client_id=");
			body += GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID;
			body += F("&client_secret=");
			body += GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET;
			body += F("&code=");
			body += device_code;
			body += F("&grant_type=http://oauth.net/grant_type/device/1.0");

			for(int poll_count = 0; poll_count < poll_max; poll_count++){
				if(client.connectSSL("www.googleapis.com", 443)){
					client.println(F("POST /oauth2/v4/token HTTP/1.1"));
					client.println(F("Host: www.googleapis.com"));
					client.println(F("Connection: close"));
					client.println(F("Accept: */*"));
					client.println(F("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"));
					client.print(F("Content-Length: ")); client.println(body.length());
					client.println();

					client.print(body);

					response_hearder = http_resp_hearder(client);
					response_body = http_resp_body(client);
					//Serial.println(response_hearder);
					//Serial.println(response_body);

					body_json = JSON.parse(response_body);
					if(JSON.typeof(body_json) == "undefined"){
						Serial.println("Parsing input failed!");
						return;
					}

					long token_expires_in = 0;
					bool is_authorized = true;

					if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("access_token"))
						access_token = body_json["access_token"];
					else
						is_authorized = false;

					if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("expires_in"))
						token_expires_in = (long) body_json["expires_in"];
					else
						is_authorized = false;

					if(body_json.hasOwnProperty("refresh_token"))
						refresh_token = body_json["refresh_token"];
					else
						is_authorized = false;

					if(is_authorized){
						access_token_expire_at = millis() + token_expires_in * 1000;
						//Serial.print("access_token:");
						//Serial.println(access_token);

						// send success message to web
						msg  = "{\"provider\": \"google\",";
						msg += "\"action\": \"SUCCESS\"}";
						websocket_send(msg);
						break;
					}
				}

				delay(interval * 1000);
			}
		}
		else
			Serial.println(F("Invalid resonse from Google"));
	}
	else
		Serial.println(F("NOT Connected to server"));
}

void cameraToGoogleDrive()
{
	if(access_token == ""){
		Serial.println(F("access_token is invalid"));
		return;
	}

	long picture_len = cameraGetPicture();
	if(picture_len)
	{
		PhpocDateTime datetime;
		PhpocClient client;
		String file_name;
		String metadata;
		String jpeg_boundary;
		String end_boundary;
		

		datetime.date(F("YmdHis"));
		file_name = datetime.date();

		metadata  = F("--foo_bar_baz\r\n");
		metadata += F("Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n");
		metadata += "{\"title\": \"ARDUINO_" + file_name + "\"}\r\n\r\n";
		jpeg_boundary  = F("--foo_bar_baz\r\n");
		jpeg_boundary += F("Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n");
		end_boundary = F("\r\n--foo_bar_baz--");

		unsigned long body_len =metadata.length() + jpeg_boundary.length() + picture_len + end_boundary.length();

		int total = 0;
		if(client.connectSSL("www.googleapis.com", 443)){
			Serial.println(F("Connected to server"));

			String body = F("client_id=");
			body += GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID;
			body += F("&scope=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file");

			client.println(F("POST /upload/drive/v2/files?uploadType=multipart HTTP/1.1"));
			client.println(F("Host: www.googleapis.com"));
			client.println(F("Connection: close"));
			client.println(F("Accept: */*"));
			client.println(F("Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=foo_bar_baz"));
			client.print(F("Content-Length: ")); client.println(body_len);
			client.print(F("Authorization: Bearer ")); client.println(access_token);
			client.println();

			client.print(metadata);
			client.print(jpeg_boundary);

			int i;
			int packet_num = cameraPacketNum();
			char packet[PIC_PKT_LEN] = {0};

			for(i = 0; i < packet_num; i++)
			{
				long packet_len = cameraGetPacket(i, packet);
				client.write((const uint8_t *)&packet[4], packet_len - 6);
				total += packet_len - 6;
			}
			
			cameraGetPacket(i, packet);
			client.print(end_boundary);

			String response_hearder = http_resp_hearder(client);
			String response_body = http_resp_body(client);
			//Serial.println(response_hearder);
			Serial.println(response_body);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		Serial.print("picture_len:");
		Serial.println(picture_len);
	}
}

int buttonState;
int lastButtonState = LOW;
unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0;
unsigned long debounceDelay = 50;
bool isButtonPressed(int pin)
{
	int reading = digitalRead(pin);

	if (reading != lastButtonState)
		lastDebounceTime = millis();

	if ((millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
		if (reading != buttonState) {
			buttonState = reading;
			if (buttonState == HIGH) {
				return true;
			}
		}
	}

	lastButtonState = reading;
	return false;
}



void setup(){
	Serial.begin(115200);
	while(!Serial)
		;

	Phpoc.begin(PF_LOG_SPI | PF_LOG_NET);
	websocket_server.beginWebSocket("login");
	Serial.print("WebSocket server address : ");
	Serial.println(Phpoc.localIP());

	pinMode(2, INPUT);
	cameraInit(CT_JPEG, PR_160x120, JR_640x480);
}

void loop(){
	 PhpocClient client = websocket_server.available();

	if (client) {
		String ws_str = client.readLine();

		if(ws_str == "google\r\n")
		{
			googleDeviceOAuthLogin();
		}
	}

	if(isButtonPressed(2))
	{
		if(access_token != "" && access_token_expire_at > millis())
			cameraToGoogleDrive();
		else
			Serial.println("access_token is invalid, please login again");
	}
}

login.phpPHP

<html>
<head>
<title>PHPoC / <?echo system("uname -i")?></title>
<meta content="initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=0.5, width=device-width, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto" type="text/css">
<style>
body { text-align:center; }
.center {
	margin: auto;
	position: absolute;
	-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
	left:0;
	right:0;
	text-align: center;
	top: 20%;
}
.hearder {
	width: 100%;
	max-width:400px;
	color: #008B8B;
	padding: 5px;
	border-bottom: solid;
	margin-bottom: 5px;
	
	font-size: 200%;
	display: inline-block;
}
.wc_text, .loader {
	display: inline-block;
	width: 100%;
	max-width:300px;
	line-height: 150%;
}
.code {
	font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	color: #A52A2A;
}
.success {font-weight: bold; color: #A52A2A;}

/*loading icon*/
.lds-roller {
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
}
.lds-roller div {
  animation: lds-roller 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.5, 1) infinite;
  transform-origin: 32px 32px;
}
.lds-roller div:after {
  content: " ";
  display: block;
  position: absolute;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #A52A2A;
  margin: -3px 0 0 -3px;
}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(1) {animation-delay: -0.036s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(1):after {top: 50px;left: 50px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(2) {animation-delay: -0.072s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(2):after {top: 54px;left: 45px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(3) {animation-delay: -0.108s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(3):after {top: 57px;left: 39px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(4) {animation-delay: -0.144s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(4):after {top: 58px;left: 32px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(5) {animation-delay: -0.18s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(5):after {top: 57px;left: 25px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(6) {animation-delay: -0.216s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(6):after {top: 54px;left: 19px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(7) {animation-delay: -0.252s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(7):after {top: 50px;left: 14px;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(8) {animation-delay: -0.288s;}
.lds-roller div:nth-child(8):after {top: 45px;left: 10px;}
@keyframes lds-roller {0% {transform: rotate(0deg);}100% {transform: rotate(360deg);}}
</style>
<script>
var ws;

function init()
{
	ws = new WebSocket("ws://<?echo _SERVER("HTTP_HOST")?>/login", "text.phpoc");

	ws.onopen = ws_onopen;
	ws.onclose = ws_onclose;
	ws.onmessage = ws_onmessage;
}

function ws_onopen()
{
	if(ws && (ws.readyState == 1))
		ws.send('google\r\n');
}
function ws_onclose()
{
	alert('CANNOT connect to device. Please reload webpage');
	ws.onopen = null;
	ws.onclose = null;
	ws.onmessage = null;
	ws = null;
}

function ws_onmessage(e_msg)
{
	e_msg = e_msg || window.event; // MessageEvent

	var obj = JSON.parse(e_msg.data);
	var wc_text = document.getElementById('wc_text');

	if(obj.action == 'LOGIN')
	{
		wc_text.innerHTML  = 'Next, visit <a href="' + obj.verification_url + '" target="_blank">' + obj.verification_url + '</a> and enter this code:<br>';
		wc_text.innerHTML += '<span class="code">' + obj.user_code + '</span>';
	}
	else
	if(obj.action == 'SUCCESS')
	{
		document.getElementById('loader').style.display = 'none';
		wc_text.innerHTML  = '<span class="success">Success!</span><br>';
		wc_text.innerHTML += 'You are now logged in from Arduino via PHPoC Shield';
	}
}

window.onload = init;
</script>

</head>
<body>
<div class="center">
	<div class="hearder">
		<div style="font-size: 150%">
		<span style="color:#4285F4">G</span>
		<span style="color:#EA4335;">o</span>
		<span style="color:#FBBC05;">o</span>
		<span style="color:#4285F4;">g</span>
		<span style="color:#34A853;">l</span>
		<span style="color:#EA4335;">e</span>
		</div>
		Login for Arduino
	</div>
	<br><br>
	<div class="wc_text" id="wc_text"></div><br><br>
	<div class="loader" id="loader">
		<div class="lds-roller"><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div>
	</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

grove_camera.hC/C++

#define PIC_PKT_LEN  512 //data length of each read, dont set this too big because ram is limited
#define CAM_ADDR     0
//Color Type
#define CT_GRAYSCALE_2  0x01
#define CT_GRAYSCALE_4  0x02
#define CT_GRAYSCALE_8  0x03
#define CT_COLOR_12     0x05
#define CT_COLOR_16     0x06
#define CT_JPEG         0x07

//Preview Resolution
#define PR_80x60    0x01
#define PR_160x120  0x03

// JPEG Resolution
#define JR_80x64     0x01
#define JR_160x128   0x03
#define JR_320x240   0x05
#define JR_640x480   0x07


const byte camera_address = (CAM_ADDR << 5); // address
unsigned int camera_packet_num;
unsigned int camera_last_packet_len;

void cameraClearRxBuf(){
	while (Serial.available()){
		Serial.read();
	}
}

void cameraSendCmd(char cmd[], int cmd_len){
	for (char i = 0; i < cmd_len; i++) Serial.print(cmd[i]);
}

unsigned int cameraPacketNum(){
	return camera_packet_num;
}

void cameraInit(int color_type, int preview_resolution, int jpeg_resolution){
	char cmd[] = {0xaa,0x0d|camera_address,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00} ;
	unsigned char resp[6];

	Serial.setTimeout(500);
	while (1){
		cameraSendCmd(cmd,6);

		if(Serial.readBytes((char *)resp, 6) != 6)
			continue;

		if(resp[0] == 0xaa && resp[1] == (0x0e | camera_address) && resp[2] == 0x0d && resp[4] == 0 && resp[5] == 0) {
			if(Serial.readBytes((char *)resp, 6) != 6) continue;
			if(resp[0] == 0xaa && resp[1] == (0x0d | camera_address) && resp[2] == 0 && resp[3] == 0 && resp[4] == 0 && resp[5] == 0) break;
		}
	}

	cmd[1] = 0x0e | camera_address;
	cmd[2] = 0x0d;
	cameraSendCmd(cmd, 6);

	char cmd2[] = { 0xaa, 0x01 | camera_address, 0x00, color_type, preview_resolution, jpeg_resolution};

	Serial.setTimeout(100);

	while (1){
		cameraClearRxBuf();
		cameraSendCmd(cmd2, 6);
		if(Serial.readBytes((char *)resp, 6) != 6) continue;
		if(resp[0] == 0xaa && resp[1] == (0x0e | camera_address) && resp[2] == 0x01 && resp[4] == 0 && resp[5] == 0) break;
	}

	char cmd3[] = { 0xaa, 0x06 | camera_address, 0x08, PIC_PKT_LEN & 0xff, (PIC_PKT_LEN>>8) & 0xff ,0};

	while (1) {
		cameraClearRxBuf();
		cameraSendCmd(cmd3, 6);
		if(Serial.readBytes((char *)resp, 6) != 6) continue;
		if(resp[0] == 0xaa && resp[1] == (0x0e | camera_address) && resp[2] == 0x06 && resp[4] == 0 && resp[5] == 0) break;
	}
}
long cameraGetPicture(){
	char cmd[] = { 0xaa, 0x04 | camera_address, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
	unsigned char resp[6];
	unsigned long picTotalLen = 0; // picture length

	while (1){
		cameraClearRxBuf();
		cameraSendCmd(cmd, 6);

		if(Serial.readBytes((char *)resp, 6) != 6) continue;
		if(resp[0] == 0xaa && resp[1] == (0x0e | camera_address) && resp[2] == 0x04 && resp[4] == 0 && resp[5] == 0){
			Serial.setTimeout(1000);
			if(Serial.readBytes((char *)resp, 6) != 6)
				continue;

			if(resp[0] == 0xaa && resp[1] == (0x0a | camera_address) && resp[2] == 0x01){
				picTotalLen = (resp[3]) | (resp[4] << 8) | (resp[5] << 16);
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	camera_packet_num = (picTotalLen) / (PIC_PKT_LEN - 6);
	camera_last_packet_len = PIC_PKT_LEN;

	if((picTotalLen % (PIC_PKT_LEN-6)) != 0){
		camera_packet_num += 1;
		camera_last_packet_len = picTotalLen % (PIC_PKT_LEN - 6) + 6;
	}

	return picTotalLen;
}
long cameraGetPacket(unsigned int i, char* buf){
	char cmd[] = { 0xaa, 0x0e | camera_address, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };

	Serial.setTimeout(100);

	if(i < camera_packet_num) {
		cmd[4] = i & 0xff;
		cmd[5] = (i >> 8) & 0xff;

		cameraClearRxBuf();
		cameraSendCmd(cmd, 6);

		int pkt_len;

		if(i < (camera_packet_num - 1))
			pkt_len = PIC_PKT_LEN ;
		else
			pkt_len = camera_last_packet_len;

		uint16_t cnt = Serial.readBytes((char *)buf, pkt_len);

		return cnt;
	} else {
		cmd[4] = 0xf0;
		cmd[5] = 0xf0;
		cameraSendCmd(cmd, 6);
	}

	return "";
}

Schematics