ISO 683-1 Grade C45E: Normalized & Formed Steel for Heavy‑Duty Applications
Steel C45E is applicable for medium loaded parts of higher dimensions (large forged parts) and more complex form in vehicle manufacturing and machine engineering (e.g. shipshafts, transmission parts, wheel hubs).
Properties
General
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | 20 °C | 7.8 g/cm³ | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
20 °C | 7.8 - 7.85 g/cm³ | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 7.85 g/cm³ | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Mechanical
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | -100 °C | 217 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 210 - 212 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 210 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 212 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 205 - 207 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 205 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 207 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 195 - 199 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 195 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 199 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 185 - 192 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 185 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 192 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 175 - 184 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 175 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 184 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 175 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 164 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Elongation | 15.6 % | Predicted Value, A80 | ||||
17.4 % | Predicted Value, A200 | |||||
17.6 % | Predicted Value, A80 Transverse | |||||
20.5 % | Predicted Value, A5 | |||||
20.6 % | Predicted Value, A50 | |||||
20 °C | 10 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | Transverse | |
20 °C | 11 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | Transverse | |
20 °C | 12 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | Transverse | |
20 °C | 14 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 15 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | ||
20 °C | 16 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 18 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | ||
Poisson's ratio | 0.29 [-] | Typical for Medium Carbon Steel | ||||
Shear modulus | 20 °C | 81 GPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
Tensile strength | 20 °C | 560 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 580 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 590 - 720 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | ||
20 °C | 620 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Yield strength | 250.5 MPa | Predicted Value, RP1 | ||||
309.1 MPa | Predicted Value, RP1 Transverse | |||||
320.6 MPa | Predicted Value, RP05 | |||||
344.9 MPa | Predicted Value, Transverse | |||||
431.5 MPa | Predicted Value, RP02 | |||||
460.4 MPa | Predicted Value, RP002 | |||||
495.6 MPa | Predicted Value, RP02 Transverse | |||||
20 °C | 275 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 295 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | ||
20 °C | 305 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 325 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Forging | ||
20 °C | 340 MPa | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Thermal
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient of thermal expansion | -100 °C | 1.08e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 1.19e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 1.11e-05 - 1.25e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 1.11e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 1.25e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 1.21e-05 - 1.3e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 1.21e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 1.3e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 1.29e-05 - 1.36e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 1.29e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 1.36e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 1.35e-05 - 1.41e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 1.35e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 1.41e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 1.45e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 1.49e-05 1/K | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Max service temperature | -25 - 480 °C | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-3 | Sheet, Strip, Flat, Bar, Forging | Long | |
500 °C | Typical for Carbon Steel | |||||
Melting point | 1380 - 1514 °C | Typical for Medium Carbon Steel | ||||
Specific heat capacity | -100 °C | 423 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 461 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 461 - 480 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 480 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 479 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 479 - 500 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 500 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 499 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 499 - 550 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 550 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 517 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 517 - 590 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 590 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 536 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 558 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 587 J/(kg·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Thermal conductivity | 20 °C | 41.7 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 41.7 - 52 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
20 °C | 52 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 43.4 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 43.4 - 50.6 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
100 °C | 50.6 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 43.2 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 43.2 - 48.1 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 48.1 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 41.4 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 41.4 - 45.7 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 45.7 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 39.1 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 36.7 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 34.1 W/(m·K) | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
Thermal diffusivity | 20 °C | 11.6 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
100 °C | 11.3 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
200 °C | 10.5 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
300 °C | 9.5 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
400 °C | 8.3 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
500 °C | 7.1 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | ||
600 °C | 5.8 mm²/s | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Electrical
| Property | Temperature | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electrical resistivity | 20 °C | 1.2e-07 - 2.5e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
20 °C | 1.2e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
20 °C | 2.5e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
100 °C | 2.95e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
200 °C | 3.65e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
300 °C | 4.53e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
400 °C | 5.56e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
500 °C | 6.74e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
600 °C | 8.13e-07 Ω·m | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Chemical properties
| Property | Value | Condition | Related Standards | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon | 0.42 - 0.5 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Chromium | 0.4 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Copper | 0.3 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Manganese | 0.5 - 0.8 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Molybdenum | 0.1 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Nickel | 0.4 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Phosphorus | 0.025 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
0.03 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
0.035 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-3, ISO 683-1 | Sheet, Strip, Flat, Bar, Forging | |
Silicon | 0.1 - 0.4 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
0.4 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | EN 10083-2, ISO 683-1, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging | |
Sulfur | 0.035 % | normalized or normalized formed (+N) | ISO 683-1, EN 10083-2, EN 10083-1, EN 10083-3 | Bar, wire, Flat, Sheet, Strip, Forging |
Technological properties
| Property | ||
|---|---|---|
| Supplier Disclaimer | The given information is a rough description and some properties can depend on various factors such as product thickness. Please contact the supplier or refer to the related norm or standard for further information. | |
Metal
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