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VDM® Alloy 40 B – Premium, Cost‑Effective Heating Element Alloy

1.4888 (X10NiCrSiLa 38-22) is a cost effective alloy for heating elements which shows the following features and superior properties:


  • Sagging behavior similar to Cronifer® II
  • Excellent corrosion resistance at high temperatures
  • Excellent life time
  • Ease of working and processing
  • Reduced nickel content compared to Cronifer II

    • Properties

    General

    PropertyTemperatureValue

    Density

    23.0 °C

    7.95 g/cm³

    Mechanical

    PropertyTemperatureValueComment

    Elongation A50

    20.0 °C

    37 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    100.0 °C

    42 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    300.0 °C

    44 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    500.0 °C

    40 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    600.0 °C

    48 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    700.0 °C

    61 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    800.0 °C

    29 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    900.0 °C

    22 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    1000.0 °C

    23 %

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    Hardness, Vickers

    23.0 °C

    140 - 200 [-]

    Typical values for strip

    Tensile strength

    20.0 °C

    689 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    100.0 °C

    611 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    300.0 °C

    595 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    500.0 °C

    582 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    600.0 °C

    510 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    700.0 °C

    319 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    800.0 °C

    156 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    900.0 °C

    88 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    1000.0 °C

    39 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    Yield strength Rp0.2

    20.0 °C

    330 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    100.0 °C

    272 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    300.0 °C

    228 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    500.0 °C

    203 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    600.0 °C

    192 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    700.0 °C

    170 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    800.0 °C

    132 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    900.0 °C

    74 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    1000.0 °C

    34 MPa

    Typical mechanical properties for strip

    Thermal

    PropertyTemperatureValue

    Coefficient of thermal expansion

    200.0 °C

    1.64E-5 1/K

    400.0 °C

    1.67E-5 1/K

    600.0 °C

    1.7E-5 1/K

    800.0 °C

    1.73E-5 1/K

    1000.0 °C

    1.78E-5 1/K

    Melting point

    1350 - 1395 °C

    Specific heat capacity

    20.0 °C

    490 J/(kg·K)

    100.0 °C

    500 J/(kg·K)

    200.0 °C

    510 J/(kg·K)

    400.0 °C

    540 J/(kg·K)

    600.0 °C

    595 J/(kg·K)

    800.0 °C

    600 J/(kg·K)

    1000.0 °C

    640 J/(kg·K)

    Thermal conductivity

    20.0 °C

    12 W/(m·K)

    100.0 °C

    13 W/(m·K)

    200.0 °C

    14 W/(m·K)

    400.0 °C

    18 W/(m·K)

    600.0 °C

    21 W/(m·K)

    800.0 °C

    23 W/(m·K)

    1000.0 °C

    26 W/(m·K)

    Electrical

    PropertyTemperatureValue

    Electrical resistivity

    20.0 °C

    1.06E-6 Ω·m

    100.0 °C

    1.09E-6 Ω·m

    200.0 °C

    1.12E-6 Ω·m

    300.0 °C

    1.16E-6 Ω·m

    400.0 °C

    1.18E-6 Ω·m

    500.0 °C

    1.21E-6 Ω·m

    600.0 °C

    1.22E-6 Ω·m

    700.0 °C

    1.24E-6 Ω·m

    800.0 °C

    1.25E-6 Ω·m

    900.0 °C

    1.27E-6 Ω·m

    1000.0 °C

    1.28E-6 Ω·m

    Chemical properties

    PropertyValueComment

    Aluminium

    0.5 %

    max.

    Carbon

    0.12 %

    max.

    Chromium

    20 - 23 %

    Copper

    0.5 %

    max.

    Iron

    Balance

    Lanthanum

    0.03 - 0.2 %

    Manganese

    1 %

    max.

    Nickel

    36 - 39 %

    Phosphorus

    0.03 %

    max.

    Silicon

    1.3 - 2.2 %

    Sulfur

    0.03 %

    max.

    Technological properties

    Property
    Application areas

    Electric furnaces, open heating elements for appliances, resistors, exhaust systems.

    Cold Forming

    For cold working the solution-annealed condition is recommended.

    Corrosion properties

    Cronifer® 40 B shows excellent oxidation resistance. This is the result of its high chromium and silicon content. The scale is very resistant to spalling because of the addition of about 0.1 % lanthanum.

    General machinability

    Cronifer® 40 B can be hot and cold worked and machined.

    Heat Treatment

    Solution annealing can be performed at temperatures typically above 1150°C., followed by quenching in water or fast cooling with air or a protective atmosphere. After cold forming a recrystallization heat treatment typically above 1150°C., is required.

    Other

    Cronifer® 40 B has a face-centered-cubic structure.


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