When we write the program, we find that the problems we solve belong to the specific areas, also called as domains, such as: A banking system needs to describe transactions, interest rates. A web application needs to define the routes, templates and responses. By using the General Purpose Lan

Memory leaks occur when a program incorrectly manages memory allocations which resulting in reduced available memory and potentially causing the program to slow down or crash. In Python, memory management is generally handled by the interpreter but memory leaks can still happen especially in l

In Python, Metaprogramming refers to the practice of writing code that has knowledge of itself and can be manipulated. The metaclasses are a powerful tool for metaprogramming in Python, allowing you to customize how classes are created and behave. Using metaclasses, you can create more flexible

Inter-Thread Communication refers to the process of enabling communication and synchronization between threads within a Python multi-threaded program. Generally, threads in Python share the same memory space within a process, which allows them to exchange data and coordinate their activities th

Pythons built-in type() function returns the class that an object belongs to. In Python, a class, both a built-in class or a user-defined class are objects of type class. Example class myclass: def __init__(self): self.myvar=10 return obj = myclass() print (class of int, type(int)) print

Renaming and Deleting Files in Python In Python, you can rename and delete files using built-in functions from the os module. These operations are important when managing files within a file system. In this tutorial, we will explore how to perform these actions step-by-step. Renaming Files in P

Previous Page Next Page   Any code that you write using any compiled language like C, C++, or Java can be integrated or imported into another Python script. This code is considered as an extension. A Python extension module is nothing more than a normal C library. On Unix machines, thes

Previous Page Next Page   Python provides various options for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Most important are listed below. Tkinter − Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. We would look this option in this chapter. wxPython &mi

Previous Page Next Page   XML is a portable, open source language that allows programmers to develop applications that can be read by other applications, regardless of operating system and/or developmental language. What is XML? The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language

Previous Page Next Page   Running several threads is similar to running several different programs concurrently, but with the following benefits − Multiple threads within a process share the same data space with the main thread and can therefore share information or communicate w

Previous Page Next Page   Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol, which handles sending e-mail and routing e-mail between mail servers. Python provides smtplib module, which defines an SMTP client session object that can be used to send mail to any Internet machine with an S

Previous Page Next Page   Python provides two levels of access to network services. At a low level, you can access the basic socket support in the underlying operating system, which allows you to implement clients and servers for both connection-oriented and connectionless protocols. Py

Previous Page Next Page   The Python standard for database interfaces is the Python DB-API. Most Python database interfaces adhere to this standard. You can choose the right database for your application. Python Database API supports a wide range of database servers such as − Gad

Previous Page Next Page   A regular expression is a special sequence of characters that helps you match or find other strings or sets of strings, using a specialized syntax held in a pattern. Regular expressions are widely used in UNIX world. The Python module re provides full support f

Previous Page Next Page   Python has been an object-oriented language since it existed. Because of this, creating and using classes and objects are downright easy. This chapter helps you become an expert in using Pythons object-oriented programming support. If you do not have any previo

Previous Page Next Page   Python provides two very important features to handle any unexpected error in your Python programs and to add debugging capabilities in them − Exception Handling − This would be covered in this tutorial. Here is a list standard Exceptions available

Previous Page Next Page   This chapter covers all the basic I/O functions available in Python. For more functions, please refer to standard Python documentation. Printing to the Screen The simplest way to produce output is using the print statement where you can pass zero or more expres

Previous Page Next Page   A module allows you to logically organize your Python code. Grouping related code into a module makes the code easier to understand and use. A module is a Python object with arbitrarily named attributes that you can bind and reference. Simply, a module is a fil

Previous Page Next Page   A function is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action. Functions provide better modularity for your application and a high degree of code reusing. As you already know, Python gives you many built-in functions like pr

Previous Page Next Page   A Python program can handle date and time in several ways. Converting between date formats is a common chore for computers. Pythons time and calendar modules help track dates and times. What is Tick? Time intervals are floating-point numbers in units of seconds