Main Features of a modern Wire Rod MillThe objective of a wire rod mill (WRM) is to reheat and roll steel billets into wire rods. The production of wire rods in wire rod mills is subject to constant change. The growing demands on the quality of the wire rods as well as on  the flexibility and cost e

Quality ControlThere are two terms which are frequently used for ensuring the quality of a product or service. These terms are ‘quality control’ and ‘quality assurance’. These two terms are often used interchangeably. However these two terms differ in meaning. Quality control is an evaluation to det

Coke Oven By-Product PlantThe coke oven by-product plant is an integral part of the by-product coke making process. During the production of coke by coal carburization in a coke oven battery a large amount gas is generated due to the vaporization of volatile matter in the coal. The gas is generated

Basics of Continuous Casting of SteelContinuous casting is the process whereby liquid steel is solidified into a semi finished product for subsequent rolling in the finish rolling mills. Continuous casting of steel was conceived and patented in 1865 by Sir Henry Bessemer, but it could not be commerc

Main Features of a Modern Bar and Light Section MillThe objective of a bar and light section mill is to reheat and roll steel billets into bars and light sections. The production of bar and light sections in these mills is subject to constant change. There is growing demands on the quality of these

Solar Photovoltaic PowerSolar photovoltaic (PV) power is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar energy radiation into direct current electrical power using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. Solar PV power is a renewable as well as sustainable energy source. So

Wind PowerWind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth’s surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth’s terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. Wind energy

Metallurgical Aspects of Steel GalvanizationSteel objects, which are not protected on the surface, can get serious damages because of various environmental conditions such as rain, snow, wind, and extreme temperatures. These adverse environmental conditions convert iron into iron oxide and corrode s

Cryogenic Process of Air Separation   Air has a composition of various gasses, of which nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) collectively account for around 99.03 % of the total sample volume. Dry air contains by volume around 78.08 % of nitrogen, around 20.95 % of oxygen, and around 0.93 % of argon along

Non Cryogenic Processes of Air Separation  Dry atmospheric air contains by volume 78.08 % of nitrogen, 20.95 % of oxygen, and 0.93 % of argon along with traces of a number of other gases (Fig 1). Atmospheric air can also contain varying amount of water vapour (depending upon humidity) and other gase

Technologies for Improvement in Coking process in Byproduct Coke OvensCoking coals are converted to coke in byproduct coke oven batteries. The coking process consists of heating the blend of the crushed coking coals in the absence of air to drive off the volatile compounds. The resulting coke is a h

Technologies for Improvement in Sintering Process The sintering process is used to agglomerate a mix of iron ore fines, return fines, fluxes, and coke breeze, with a particle size of less than 10 mm, so that the resulting sinter, with a screened size of 5 mm to 30 mm, can withstand the pressure and

Air Pollution Control – Control of Particulate EmissionsSteel plant has several metallurgical processes which take place at high temperatures. Further many of these processes handle raw materials some of them are in the form of fines. Hence all these processes are prone to emit pollutant gases and p

Water Management and Pollution Control in Steel PlantWater is a crucial utility which is needed for the production of iron and steel in a steel plant. Cheap and plentiful, water was for centuries a production utility which the steel industry took for granted. But in the present scenario, water resou

Acid Regeneration for Spent Hydrochloric Pickle LiquorSteel pickling is one of the important steps in steel manufacturing industry.  It is part of the finishing process in the production of certain steel products in which oxide and scale are removed from the surface of strip steel, steel wire, and s

Tundish and its Role in Continuous Casting of SteelContinuous casting of steel is a widely used process and is an important step in the production of steel. The share of continuously cast steel around the world has increased significantly since the introduction of the continuous casting process in 1

CAS-OB Process of Secondary SteelmakingThe CAS-OB process is a ladle treatment process in secondary metallurgy which is used for the heating of steel through chemical means. The abbreviation CAS-OB stands for ‘Composition Adjustment by Sealed Argon Bubbling – Oxygen Blowing’. The process was d

RH Vacuum Degassing TechnologyToday, secondary metallurgical units represent the versatile usable connection between primary steelmaking process and the continuous casting process of the liquid steel. Vacuum degassing is an important secondary steel making process. This process was originally used f

Blast Furnace Top Charging SystemsOne of the major technological improvements in the development of the blast furnace (BF) was the installation of charging equipment. Originally, raw materials were dumped into an open-mouthed stack through the tunnel head. BF operators realized that an open top furn

Blast Furnace Cooling SystemIn consideration of the huge capital investment needed for blast furnace (BF) relining, enormous efforts have been made in the past to extend the campaign life of the BFs. Development in the BF ironmaking process and advances in material sciences have improved the product