In this article, we use LTspice to analyze the precision of a current‑pump circuit when all resistors are non‑ideal and temperature is varied across the automotive temperature range. Last week, I published two articles on a constant‑current source circuit comprising two op‑amps and five resistors:

This article outlines the critical safety tests and standards that electric vehicle battery systems must meet. The rapid rise in electric vehicle (EV) adoption is driving manufacturers to deliver more affordable models. At the core of every EV battery and battery management system (BMS) design is

What is thermal runaway in Li‑ion battery systems? And how do battery management systems help mitigate failure for improved safety? Learn more in this technical article. Li‑ion batteries are generally safe when operated in controlled environments. However, the safety assurance is only as good as

Understanding Thermal Runaway in Li‑Ion Batteries and How BMSs Safeguard Them Li‑ion batteries are considered safe when operated within well‑controlled parameters. Yet no battery management system (BMS) or manufacturing process is flawless. By engineering more robust BMS designs, we can counteract t

Power Conversion in EVs: The Half‑Bridge Focus Electric vehicles rely on a network of power conversion stages—high‑voltage DC‑DC converters, traction inverters, and battery chargers—all of which transform energy from one form to another. Central to each stage is the half‑bridge topology, where a hig

What Are Millimeter Waves and How Do They Compare to Lower‑Frequency Bands? Millimeter waves, or mmWaves, are a segment of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 1 and 10 mm, corresponding to frequencies of 30–300 GHz. The International Telecommunication Union designates this band as

In this article, Parker Dillman—lead electrical engineer and co‑founder of MacroFab—shares essential strategies for preparing your PCB designs for smooth fabrication and assembly. Hardware developers often face tight deadlines, and a flawed prototype PCB can stall a project for weeks. Getting the b

3GPP Release 16 promises cheaper, more reliable high‑precision location services by harnessing new signal characteristics and integrating diverse non‑cellular technologies, opening the door to hybrid positioning. When we tap a GPS coordinate on our phone, we are presented with a statistical estimate

How to Pick an MCU That Excels in DSP Tasks Digital signal processing (DSP) has become a core capability in countless electronic products—from audio amplifiers to industrial control systems. Fortunately, many modern microcontrollers (MCUs) now offer the computational power, flexibility, and cost‑ef

This article continues a discussion of microcontroller features and characteristics that are particularly important when you’re thinking in terms of DSP capabilities. This article expands on the microcontroller attributes essential for robust digital signal processing (DSP) applications. Microcontro

How do time of flight sensors determine distances? Learn more about ToF cameras using an example 3D camera. How do time of flight sensors determine distances? Learn more about ToF cameras using an example 3D camera.There are three leading 3D imaging technologies competing for space in you

Power system designers face the challenge of delivering compact, reliable, and efficient solutions while keeping design‑to‑manufacture cycles on schedule. In today’s fast‑paced electronics landscape, high power‑density modules are in demand across mobile telecoms, industrial automation, transportati

Discover the Terahertz Spectrum, Its Key Characteristics, and Growing Use Cases If you’ve encountered the term “THz gap” and wondered what it means, this article provides a clear, expert‑backed explanation. The Terahertz Spectrum Terahertz (THz) radiation occupies the electromagnetic band between

Brown‑Out Reset is a key feature that enhances microcontroller reliability by preventing unstable operation when power dips below safe levels. This article delves into how BOR protects against power‑quality issues and illustrates a real‑world case where enabling BOR resolved a silent failure in an a

This article introduces Severe Environment Testing (SET), a safety testing standard that bridges the gap between a full MIL‑STD product and a COTS product to provide additional confidence in the safety of a COTS product. Electrical interconnects are critical components across many industries, operat

Silicon Photomultipliers: High‑Gain, Photon‑Sensitive Detectors for Modern Science and Industry Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are compact, solid‑state devices that convert single photons into measurable electrical pulses. Leveraging arrays of Geiger‑mode avalanche photodiodes (APDs), SiPMs delive

Part 3 of the Microcontroller Timers Series: Inside Real‑Time Clocks (RTCs) In this installment we dive into the heart of microcontroller‑based real‑time clocks (RTCs). Previous posts covered timer fundamentals and pulse‑width modulation. This article explains how RTCs maintain accurate one‑second i

Ultra‑Wideband (UWB) is the wireless standard that delivers blazing‑fast data rates, ultra‑low power, and centimeter‑level location precision in short‑range scenarios.\n\nAlthough the concept of ultra‑wideband dates back more than a century, recent breakthroughs in chip design and signal processing

Intermediate Bus Architecture: A Space‑Saving Power Design Technique Power electronics has evolved from mercury‑arc rectifiers to modern IGBTs, driving demand for smaller, cost‑effective systems in clean energy, EVs, and data centers. One emerging solution is the Intermediate Bus Converter (IBC), wh

Explore the fundamentals of cockpit interface evolution In the All About Circuits/Moore’s Lobby podcast, Episode 10, NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick and engineer Dave Finch explored why the choice between touchscreen and button interfaces is critical in fighter‑jet cockpits. This article unpacks the